(1)型腔和加強筋。紙托的緩沖效果主要是利用其紙壁在受到?jīng)_擊時彈性形變減緩抵消外力來實現(xiàn)的。紙托材料本身的彈性并不高，主要是依賴于產(chǎn)品的加強筋設(shè)計及其形成的緩沖型腔，型腔和加強筋的設(shè)計對紙托的彈性形變即緩沖能力起著關(guān)重要的作用，而型腔和加強筋設(shè)計的基本依據(jù)是產(chǎn)品本身的形狀和用途。在紙托結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計中設(shè)置型腔以保證紙托的動態(tài)緩沖性能，而設(shè)置加強筋則是為了增加紙托的自身強度。將若干個形狀簡單而動態(tài)緩沖性能好的型腔均布在紙托結(jié)構(gòu)中，起到緩沖、穩(wěn)定和提高強度的作用，對于大面積型腔對紙托結(jié)構(gòu)所造成的結(jié)構(gòu)不穩(wěn)定和強度下降等問題，可以設(shè)置若干或?qū)ΨQ的加強筋加以解決，型腔和加強筋的設(shè)置應(yīng)充分考慮生產(chǎn)方便、加工簡單和分布均勻并使產(chǎn)品的重力均勻分散等問題。
(1) Cavity and stiffener. The buffering effect of paper holder is mainly realized by using the elastic deformation of the paper wall to slow down and counteract the external force when it is impacted. The elasticity of the paper holder material itself is not high, which mainly depends on the design of the reinforcing rib and the buffer cavity formed by the product. The design of the cavity and reinforcing rib plays a crucial role in the elastic deformation of the paper holder, that is, the buffer capacity. The basic basis of the design of the cavity and stiffener is the shape and use of the product itself. In the structural design of paper holder, cavity is set to ensure the dynamic cushioning performance of paper holder, and the reinforcement rib is designed to increase the strength of paper holder. Several cavities with simple shape and good dynamic buffering performance are evenly distributed in the paper holder structure, which can buffer, stabilize and improve the strength. For the problems of structural instability and strength reduction caused by large area cavities to the paper holder structure, some or symmetrical stiffeners can be set to solve the problems. The setting of cavities and stiffeners should fully consider the convenience of production, simple processing and The distribution is uniform and the gravity of the product is evenly distributed.
(2)固定支撐面。這是紙托結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計中基本的一點，固定支撐面可以根據(jù)被包裝產(chǎn)品的要求以及外形尺寸和外包裝物的內(nèi)部尺寸來確定。例如，要設(shè)計一個電器產(chǎn)品的紙托包裝，可以裉據(jù)被包外形尺寸和外包裝物的內(nèi)部尺寸來確定紙托的長度、寬度和相應(yīng)的結(jié)構(gòu)形式，并由此確定紙托的固定支撐面。同時要了解包裝的側(cè)是在強度上還是在緩沖上，一些重量大、強度高的產(chǎn)品的包裝側(cè)在強度上，但作為緩沖包裝其緩沖性能也必須保持，而一些貴重產(chǎn)品的包裝側(cè)在緩沖上，其包裝也要具有一定的強度。設(shè)計中要將兩者恰當(dāng)?shù)亟Y(jié)合在一起，根據(jù)被包裝產(chǎn)品的外形結(jié)構(gòu)、重力和強度選擇適當(dāng)?shù)幕c，再由這些基點確定固定支撐面。
(2) Fix the support surface. This is the most basic point in the structural design of paper holder. The fixed supporting surface can be determined according to the requirements of the packaged product, the external dimension and the internal dimension of the outer package. For example, in order to design a paper holder package of an electrical product, the length, width and corresponding structural form of the paper holder can be determined according to the external dimension of the package and the internal dimension of the outer package, and then the fixed supporting surface of the paper holder can be determined. At the same time, we should understand whether the emphasis of packaging is on strength or cushioning. Some heavy and high-strength products should focus on strength, but as cushioning packaging, its cushioning performance must also be maintained. While the packaging of some valuable products focuses on cushioning, its packaging should also have a certain strength. In the design, the two should be properly combined. According to the shape structure, gravity center and strength of the packaged products, the appropriate base points should be selected, and then the fixed supporting surface should be determined by these base points.
(3)相關(guān)參數(shù)。根據(jù)被包裝產(chǎn)品的要求和紙托制品結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計的特點確定設(shè)計中的相關(guān)參數(shù)。
(3) Related parameters. According to the requirements of the packaged products and the characteristics of the structure design of paper support products, the relevant parameters in the design are determined.
①尺寸與壁厚。紙托制品結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計的基本要求是要保證與被包裝物之間緊密接觸，防止被包裝物在流通過程中產(chǎn)生串動，在此基礎(chǔ)上再考慮緩沖和防震問題，因此在結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計中尺寸一定要緊湊，尺寸的緊湊是由固定支撐面和空腔以及加強筋的綜合配合來解決的。
① Size and wall thickness. The most basic requirement of the structure design of paper holder products is to ensure close contact with the package to prevent the package from moving in the circulation process. On this basis, the buffer and anti shock problems are considered. Therefore, the size must be compact in the structural design. The compact size is solved by the comprehensive cooperation of fixed support surface, cavity and reinforcing rib.
結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計中應(yīng)根據(jù)紙托的使用條件和采用的紙料纖維種類來確定紙托的壁厚。壁厚是影響紙托強度的重要因素，壁厚的增加不但增加原材料消耗，而且在吸附成型時會降生產(chǎn)，壁厚的增加還會增加濕紙模烘干過程的能耗，并易使紙托產(chǎn)生凹陷、縮孔和夾心等質(zhì)量缺陷。在滿足紙托強度的前提下應(yīng)盡量降壁厚。采用真空吸附成型工藝時壁厚在0.5--6mm之間，采用壓制成型工藝時壁厚在3--20mm之間。
In the structural design, the wall thickness of the paper holder should be determined according to the service conditions of the paper holder and the type of paper fiber used. Wall thickness is an important factor affecting the strength of paper holder. The increase of wall thickness not only increases the consumption of raw materials, but also reduces the production during adsorption molding. The increase of wall thickness also increases the energy consumption in the drying process of wet paper mold, and easily leads to the quality defects such as depression, shrinkage cavity and sandwich. On the premise of meeting the strength of paper holder, the wall thickness should be reduced as much as possible. The wall thickness is between 0.5-6 mm when using vacuum adsorption molding process, and 3-20 mm when using pressing molding process.
②過渡圓弧。紙托結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計中，紙托的內(nèi)外表面轉(zhuǎn)角處、立筋與主體聯(lián)接處和立筋的終端都必須用圓弧過渡，避免直棱直角。圓弧過渡有利于模具的制造和附網(wǎng)，有利于濕紙模轉(zhuǎn)移時脫模，有利于紙漿液料在吸附成型時的流動，也有利于避免應(yīng)力集中造成包裝破損。過渡圓弧的半徑可根據(jù)具體產(chǎn)品和紙料性能以及包裝的特殊要求來確定，一般為2--5mm。
② Transition arc. In the design of paper holder structure, the corner of the inner and outer surface of the paper holder, the joint between the vertical rib and the main body and the end of the vertical rib must be used for the transition, so as to avoid the straight edge and right angle. Arc transition is conducive to mold manufacturing and mesh attachment, demoulding during transfer of wet paper mold, flow of liquid pulp during adsorption molding, and avoiding package damage caused by stress concentration. The radius of the transition arc can be determined according to the specific product and paper properties as well as the special requirements of packaging, which is generally 2-5mm.
③脫模斜度。在紙模成型過程中，濕紙模緊貼在網(wǎng)模上而且紙料纖維還會鑲嵌在網(wǎng)模的網(wǎng)孔中，為了便于濕紙模的轉(zhuǎn)移，與脫模方向平行的紙托表面都應(yīng)該有個合理的脫模斜度。斜度越大脫模越方便，斜度過小則脫模困難，還會造成紙托表面拉痕或破裂。斜度過大將會降紙托尺寸精度，還會影響紙托的承載能力和彈性回復(fù)力。 一般脫模斜度取3°--6°。
③ Demoulding slope. In the paper mold forming process, the wet paper mold is close to the mesh mold, and the paper fiber will be embedded in the mesh of the mesh mold. In order to facilitate the transfer of the wet paper mold, the surface of the paper holder parallel to the demoulding direction should have a reasonable demoulding slope. The larger the slope is, the more convenient the demoulding will be. If the inclination is too small, it will be difficult to demould, and it will also cause tensile marks or cracks on the surface of the paper holder. If the inclination is too large, it will reduce the dimensional accuracy of the paper holder, and also affect the bearing capacity and elastic resilience of the paper holder. Generally, the demoulding slope is 3 ° to 6 °.
